linux - Why I can't upgrade my kernel?
2014-07
I have perform the following command into ssh shell:
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get update
sudo reboot
But I still have an old kernel version, infact:
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 3.10.25+ #622 PREEMPT Fri Jan 3 18:41:00 GMT 2014 armv6l GNU/Linux
Why my kernel is not updated? What am I missing? How can I solve?
Tnx
Have you tried
apt-get -y dist-upgrade
If the output of the apt-get dist-upgrade was something like
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded
You are likely on the latest available kernel through your package management tool. If you wanted to update to a new kernel, outside of your package management tool, you have to compile it. It is a bit tricky, and you have to use your existing kernel configuration, to preserve the currently available drivers and settings.
Since you're upgrading your kernel and, at least if it were me, I'd be worried something could go terribly wrong, I'd recommend backing up your drive if possible (maybe using rsync
or dd
) before performing the upgrade.
In any case, there is a nice explanation here, which for you boils down to the following:
Find what kernel images are available by running
apt-cache search linux-image
Then install the one which is subsequent to yours using
sudo apt-get install linux-image-x.x.x-xx
(where the 'x's are placeholders for the actual version numbers)Finally, reboot the way you usually reboot.
Hey everyone. I am running Ubuntu 9.04 64-bit on my macbook. I had 2GB of ram before, and everything ran great. I just upgraded to 2x2GB (4GB), but my system only sees 3GB of it. OS X, which I am dual booting, sees all 4GB. Also, my video performance is incredibly lacking. Before the upgrade my compiz benchmark was full at 80fps, and now it is at 22fps with very choppy window dragging.
Has anyone ever heard of this on a 64-bit kernel? I just don't quite understand what could be the issue.
10$ uname -a
Linux macbook 2.6.28-15-generic #49-Ubuntu SMP Tue Aug 18 19:25:34 UTC 2009 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2953 1031 1921 0 114 427
-/+ buffers/cache: 489 2463
Swap: 7812 0 7812
9$ lsmod
Module Size Used by
i915 77960 2
drm 123232 3 i915
binfmt_misc 18572 1
ppdev 16904 0
btusb 21784 2
bridge 63776 0
stp 11140 1 bridge
bnep 22912 2
vboxnetadp 109356 0
vboxnetflt 116972 0
vboxdrv 1721612 1 vboxnetflt
uvcvideo 69640 0
compat_ioctl32 18304 1 uvcvideo
videodev 45184 2 uvcvideo,compat_ioctl32
v4l1_compat 23940 2 uvcvideo,videodev
lp 19588 0
parport 49584 2 ppdev,lp
snd_hda_intel 557492 3
snd_pcm_oss 52352 0
snd_mixer_oss 24960 1 snd_pcm_oss
snd_pcm 99464 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm_oss
arc4 10240 2
snd_seq_dummy 11524 0
ecb 11392 2
snd_seq_oss 41984 0
snd_seq_midi 15744 0
snd_rawmidi 33920 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq_midi_event 16512 2 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 66272 6 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
ath9k 310584 0
snd_timer 34064 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq
snd_seq_device 16276 5 snd_seq_dummy,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq
mac80211 251528 1 ath9k
iTCO_wdt 21712 0
iTCO_vendor_support 12420 1 iTCO_wdt
joydev 20992 0
video 29204 0
snd 78920 15 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_pcm,snd_seq_oss,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device
applesmc 37700 0
output 11648 1 video
soundcore 16800 1 snd
pcspkr 11136 0
cfg80211 43680 1 mac80211
appletouch 19972 0
isight_firmware 11520 0
input_polldev 12688 1 applesmc
intel_agp 39408 1
snd_page_alloc 18704 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm
led_class 13064 2 ath9k,applesmc
hid_apple 15872 0
usbhid 47040 0
ohci1394 42164 0
ieee1394 108288 1 ohci1394
sky2 63364 0
fbcon 49792 0
tileblit 11264 1 fbcon
font 17024 1 fbcon
bitblit 14464 1 fbcon
softcursor 10368 1 bitblit
Some information from dmesg:
[ 795.820163] ACPI: EC: GPE storm detected, transactions will use polling mode
[ 1762.709516] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6
[ 1763.078130] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6
[ 2362.760889] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6
[ 2416.352084] ACPI: EC: missing confirmations, switch off interrupt mode.
[ 3718.721095] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6
[ 3719.108914] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6
[ 4318.773266] [drm:i915_getparam] *ERROR* Unknown parameter 6
[ 9513.813066] CE: hpet increasing min_delta_ns to 15000 nsec
[ 9693.815684] npviewer.bin[6736]
If you have the Mac Books with Intel 945 Chipset, you can only use 3 GB. Mac OS "About this Mac" will show the total 4 GB, but the O/S will only be able to use 3 GB, just like Linux.
The Reason you are seeing 4 GB using "About this Mac" is because Mac OS X will take that value not from what is usable, but from what the DIMMs report while probing hardware.
And yes, this belongs-on-superuser :-)
The lagging video might be due to Intel GMA drivers which is known to have problems. Please do have a look at this thread on Ubuntu Forums.
In regard to the video issue, try upgrading the kernel and reinstalling the video module for your chipset, Intel used to have great support for Linux. Also it could simply be that you got Direct Rendering Infrastructure disabled in an upgrade.
In point 5.3 of Intel's own page on Linux drivers is a walk through on how to enable it.
DRI (Direct Rendering Infrastructure) is a framework for allowing direct access to graphics hardware under the X Window System in a safe and efficient manner. You need enable DRI in xorg.conf.
Firstly, make sure the GLX and DRI modules are being loaded:
Section "Module"
# ...
Load "glx"
Load "dri"
# ...
EndSection
Then, set the permissions for DRI appropriately. To allow anyone to use DRI, do:
Section "DRI"
Mode 0666
EndSection
After restart X server, you can check whether direct rendering is enabled by running glxinfo, the output of glxinfo should show:
direct rendering: Yes